The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding

Although unions between blood relatives were prevalent among the European ruling dynasties until relatively recent times (even Queen Elizabeth II married her third cousin), the Spanish Habsburgs took this practice to an exceptionally risky extent. Remarkably, of the 11 marriages that transpired among them during their 184-year reign over Spain from 1516 to 1700, an astonishing nine of them were incestuous. Indeed, contemporary scholars broadly assert that the Spanish Habsburgs

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The Habsburg Jaw: deformity shaped by royal inbreeding

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How Centuries of Inbreeding Led to the Distinctive 'Habsburg Jaw

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The Habsburg Jaw And The Cost Of Royal Inbreeding

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The Dangers Of Royal Inbreeding